ESPANHA II - HISPANIA II - SPAIN II

«Topographical map of Spain» Bas de Jong (Wikipedia) - Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en)

Between de independence and the dependence of Madrid (Castilla), behind the actual model of autonomy, Catalonia and the other nations of the country can have another way in actual historical moment, inside European Union: Federalim.

In him work «The principle of federation and the need to reconstitute the party of revolution» (1863) Pierre-Joseph Proudhon said:

«Regime of authority

A) Government of all by one -- monarchy or patriarchy;
a) Government of all by all -- panarchy or communism. The essential feature of this regime, in both its varieties, is the non-division of power.

Regime of liberty

B) Government of all by each -- democracy;
b) Government of each by each -- an-archy or self-government.

(...) Federation, from the Latin foedus, genitive foederis, which means pact, contract, treaty, agreement, alliance, and so on, is an agreement by which one or more heads of family, one or more towns, one or more groups of towns or states, assume reciprocal and equal commitments to perform one or more specific tasks, the responsibility for which rests exclusively with the officers of the federation.»

It´s not easy, would be a possible and very difficult way to European Union that recent threats come from German Government that lead a complex and big federation of states, salient the dialectic between rivalry and cooperation. Implicate deep cultural pressuposals for share power, with strong threats in polarities between authority and liberty, force and consensus. It´s a way but like a Person could lost liberty related to society, a Nation or a State could lost it liberty to a Federation under control of the rules of few stronger states. But don´t do nothing could means stay without a few degree of freedom like we can see in Portugal, in Spain related to German Government with more or less dependent political forces.

The same crisis that influence European Union, determine pressure to the problems of Autonomies in Spain (various Nations with diferenciated problems with Catalonia financing Madrid political and logistic center) and Portugal (one Nation but with insularities like Madeira, with financial out of control).  

The way of federalism was proposed by PSOE for Spain in it document «Hacia una Estructura Federal del Estado» - 6-7-2013 (http://www.infolibre.es/uploads/documentos/documentos_documentoconsejoterritorial_bea39192.pdf)

These are the examples of federalism in the world (United States, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Germany, Russia, India, Australia, ...)

   Unitary states

   Federations

«A map displaying today's Unitary states and federations» -2013 Lokal_Profil (Wikipedia) Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/deed.en)



By historical maps we can observe some historical determinants:

LATIN DETERMINANT INFLUENCE (IMPERIUM ROMANUM): III Century b.C / V Century a.C

«Mapa de España y Portugal sobre la conquista de Hispania desde 220 a.C. a 19 a.C. y sus fronteras provinciales. Basado en otros mapas, los avances territoriales y fronteras provinciales son orientativos.» Hansen BCN (Wikipedia) Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en)

GERMANIC INFLUENCE (REGNUM VISIGOTHORUM / REGNUM SUEVORUM): V century a.C / VIII century a.C

«Map of the Visigothic kingdom» (VI century a.C) Javierfv1212 (Wikipedia)

«The Iberian Peninsula in the year 560AD» Aiurdin (Wikipedia)

INFLUENCE OF BERBERS AND ARABS (VIII century A.C / XV century a.C) AND THE RISE OF LATIN AND CHRISTIAN NACIONALITIES (VIII century a.C)

Southwest of Europe in 12th-13th centuries from "The Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, 1926 - Alexandre Vigo (Wikipedia) Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en)

«Mapa político do noroeste da Península Ibérica no ano 891» Alexandre Vigo (Wikipedia) GNU (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)


GALICIA (457 d.C. - 1833 d.C)

PORTUGAL (1139 d.C)

LEÓN (910 d.C - 1230 d.C)

CASTILLA (931 d.C - 1833 d.C)

ARAGÓN (1035 d.C. - 1707 d.C)

NAVARRA (778 d.C - 1841 d.C)


«A Reconquista» Nuno Tavares (Wikipedia) Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.pt)


«Mapa animado que cronoloxicamente amosa a evolución das linguas do suroeste de Europa» Alexandre Vigo(Wikipedia) GNU license (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)











Republicans (rose) and Falangists (cream color): «Guerra Civil Española: Frente en noviembre de 1936» Tik (Wikipedia) Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en)

«Autonomous communities of Spain» (1978 Constitution) CHV (Wikipedia) Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en)

«Apoyo a partidos nacionalistas en el estado español. Datos de las elecciones autonómicas gallegas y vascas de 2009, andaluzas de 2008, catalanas de 2010 y del resto del estado en 2007.» Mutxamel (Wikipedia http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nacionalisme_espanya_castell%C3%A0.svg)