NAÇÃO LUSITANA: LIVÓNIA - TERRA MARIANA

sábado, 21 de fevereiro de 2015

LIVÓNIA - TERRA MARIANA - LIVONIA

Livonia in Europe (1190 a.C.) Atlas To Freeman's Historical Geography, Edited by J.B. Bury, Longmans Green and Co. Third Edition 1903

«Baltic Tribes 1200 C.E.» by Map Master (Wikipedia) based on a map by Marija Gimbutas, published in The Balts (1963) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonia#mediaviewer/File:Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg
Beautiful woman of medieval Livonia [640 x 420]

Beautiful woman of medieval Livonia [640 x 420]

Terra Mariana. Land of Mary and Livonia, Land of Livonians that after Livonian Crusade by Germans and Danish was devasted. Latvian tribes (Curonians, Semigallians, Latgallians and Selonians) occupied the territory. But Teutonic Order and Livonian Order (with the last members of Livonian Brothers of the Sword) defeated Lavtian tribes.

«Terra Mariana 1260 C.E.» by Map Master (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonia#mediaviewer/File:Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Teutonic_state_1250.png

«Teutonic Order State» (1225-1250) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonia#mediaviewer/File:Teutonic_state_1250.png

Fratres militiæ Christi Livoniae

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/SwordBrothers.svg/288px-SwordBrothers.svg.png

Livonian Order fall with Russian invasion and it atrocities.

In 1576, the Transylvanian prince Stefan Batory became King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania and in 1577 create an alliance with Swedish King John III to expel Ivan IV of Russia from Livonia,

«Map showing the campaigns in Livonia and Western Russia of Stefan Batory during the Livonian War. The dark line is the approximate border by 1600» Grandiose (Wikipedia)

.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_War#mediaviewer/File:Campaigns_of_Stefan_Batory.svg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Campaigns_of_Stefan_Batory_%281578-82%29.png

«Campaigns of Stefan Batory (1578-82)» Grandiose (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_campaign_of_Stephen_B%C3%A1thory#mediaviewer/File:Campaigns_of_Stefan_Batory_%281578-82%29.png

«Division of Livonia by 1600: Poland–Lithuania Vassal duchies of Poland–Lithuania Russia Kingdom of Sweden Denmark-Norway» Halibutt / Grandiose (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_War#mediaviewer/File:Map_of_Poland_and_Lithuania_in_1600.svg

Ruassia was defetead in 1582 and Poland / Lithuania under control Livonia.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Swedish_Empire_in_the_Baltic_%281560-1721%29.png

Sweden Empire in Livonia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_War#mediaviewer/File:Swedish_Empire_in_the_Baltic_%281560-1721%29.png

But after the war between Poland and Sweden (1600-1629), Sweden under control Livonia until Russia take the control in 1721. Catherine II annexed Poland in 1772.

«Catherine II» by Dmytro Levytsky

Livonia is now part of territory of Latvia, Estonia and Russia

«Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1619) compared with today's borders Legend Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Prussia, Polish fief Grand Duchy of Lithuania Duchy of Courland, Lithuanian fief Livonia Swedish and Danish Estonia» http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Livonia#mediaviewer/File:Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%281619%29.png

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