CORDUENA (Corduenne) in «Historical Atlas» by William R. Shepherd (XIX century)
«(...) while Julian was settling his line of march, and making arrangements
for supplies of all kinds, his scouts come panting in, and bring him
word that some squadrons of the enemy's cavalry have suddenly passed the
frontier in
the neighbourhood of the camp, and have driven off a large booty.
Indignant at such atrocity and at such an insult, he immediately
(as indeed he had previously contemplated) put thirty thousand chosen
men under the orders of Procopius, who has been already mentioned,
uniting with him in this command Count Sebastian, formerly Duke of
Egypt; and he ordered them to act on this side of the Tigris, observing
everything vigilantly, so that no danger might arise on any side where
it was not expected, for such things had frequently happened. He charged
them further, if it could be done, to join King Arsaces; and
march with him suddenly through Corduena and Moxoene, ravaging
Chiliocomus, a very fertile district of Media, and other places; and
then to rejoin him while still in Assyria, in order to assist him as he
might require. (...)
(...) it was decided, that since there was no better prospect
before us, to seize on Corduena; and on the 16th June we struck our
camp, and at daybreak the emperor set forth, when suddenly was seen
either smoke or a great cloud of dust; so that many thought it was
caused by herds of wild asses, of which there are countless numbers in
those regions, and who were now moving in a troop, in order by their
compactness to ward off the ferocious attacks of lions.
Some, however, fancied that it was caused by the approach of the
Saracen chieftains, our allies, who had heard that the emperor was
besieging Ctesiphon in great force: some again affirmed that the
Persians were lying in wait for us on our march.
Therefore amid all these doubtful opinions, the trumpets sounded a
halt, in order to guard against any reverse, and we halted in a grassy
valley near a stream, where, packing our shields in close order and in a
circular figure, we pitched our camp and rested in safety. Nor, so dark
did it continue till evening, could we distinguish what it was that had
so long obscured the view. (...)
(...) the emperor, being disabused, had retired slowly from the territories
of the enemy, he would have reached the forts of Corduena, a rich
region belonging to us, only one hundred miles from the spot where these
transactions were being carried on.
But Sapor obstinately demanded (to use his own language) the
restoration of those territories which had been taken from him by
Maximian; but as was seen in the progress of the negotiation, he in
reality required, as the price of our redemption, five provinces on the
other side of the Tigris,—Arzanena, Moxoena, Zabdicena, Rehomena, and
Corduena, with fifteen fortresses, besides Nisibis, and Singara, and the
important fortress called the camp of the Moors.
And though it would have been better to fight ten battles than
to give up one of them, still a set of flatterers harassed our
pusillanimous emperor with harping on the dreaded name of Procopius, and
affirmed that unless we quickly recrossed the river, that chieftain, as
soon as he heard of the death of Julian, would easily bring about a
revolution which no one could resist, by means of the fresh troops which
he had under his command. Jovian, being wrought upon by the constant reiteration of these
evil counsels, without further delay gave up everything that was
demanded, with this abatement, which he obtained with difficulty, that
the inhabitants of Nisibis and Singara should not be given up to the
Persians as well as the cities
themselves; and that the Roman garrisons in the forts about to be
surrendered should be permitted to retire to fortresses of our own.
To which another mischievous and unfair condition was added,
that after this treaty was concluded we were not to be at liberty to
assist Arsaces against the Persians, if he implored our aid, though he
had always been our friend and trusty ally. And this was insisted on by
Sapor for two reasons, in order that the man might be punished who had
laid waste Chiliocomum at the emperor's command, and also that facility
might be given for invading Armenia without a check. In consequence of
this it fell out subsequently that Arsaces was taken prisoner, and that,
amid different dissensions and disturbances, the Parthians laid violent
hands on the greater portion of Armenia, where it borders on Media, and
on the town of Artaxata.
This ignoble treaty being made, that nothing might be done
during the armistice, in contravention of its terms, some men of rank
were given as hostages on each side: on ours, Remora, Victor, and
Bellovaedius, tribunes of distinguished legions: and on that of the
enemy, one of their chief nobles named Bineses, and three other satraps
of note.
So peace was made for thirty years, and ratified by solemn
oaths; and we, returning by another line of march, because the parts
near the river were rugged and difficult, suffered severely for want of
water and provisions.
The peace which had been granted on pretence of humanity was
turned to the ruin of many who were so exhausted by want of food as to
be at the last gasp, and who in consequence could only creep along, and
were
either carried away by the current of the river from not being able to
swim, or if able to overcome the force of the stream so far as to
reach the bank, were either slain like sheep by the Saracens or Persians
(because, as we stated some time back, the Germans had driven them
out), or sent to a distance to be sold for slaves.»
Ammianus Marcellinus «Roman History» (IV century)
Corduene by Panonian (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en
Dilşa Demirbağ with roots from Kurdistan
Persons of United States of America must have much more care about the interests and confusions created about enemies and allies that prejudice Humanity. Complexe situation implicate complexe thinking, emotions and actions for defend the values of Liberty and Human Universality and not linear actions linked to linear interests. The intolerable errors of North American policies about Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey must have a great change!
United States of America must have much more carreful about Turkish leaders that supported the intolerable situation in Syria and Iraq, in the old Mesopotamia, the land between two rivers: Tigris and Euphrates. The Kurdish Nation is a clear allied of United States of America and Humanity...
The Kurdistan Women defend Humanity from Tyranny, Ignorance and Fanaticism
United States of America flag presence ...
Iranian Kurdish female members of the Freedom Party of Kurdistan (PAK) in Dibis on September 15, 2014. AFP photo/Safin Hamed
August 21, 2014, a woman of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) on the front line in the Makhmur area, near Mosul (Agence France-Presse 13 Sep 2014)
Shimal: «[IS] turns women into slaves».
Tekoshin: «They don’t allow women in areas under their control to go to the
market. Our struggle
against (the IS) is to defend women from them and from that kind of
thinking.. We usually organise ourselves in groups of four women, and I command
one of the groups. But when it comes to fighting, we break up and we and the men deploy together on different fronts. Most of us here aren’t married. I joined the PKK when I was 14 years old. I think (IS) were more afraid of us than of the men, they believe they’ll go to hell if they die at a
woman’s hands.
Saria: «When I was a child, I didn’t think I would be a fighter. But I realised
how much my (Kurdish) nation needs me… and I chose this road. It is important for us to find our place in war, side by side with the men.»
«Islamic State is a big threat for the whole Middle East and all of the
Syrian people. We are doing most of the fighting, and we need more
support from regional powers.» Asia Abdulla (co-chair of the Democratic Union Party PYD)
Diren: «Women are the bravest fighters. We're not scared of anything (...) When they see a woman with a gun, they're so afraid they
begin to shake. They portray themselves as tough guys to the world. But
when they see us with our guns they run away. They see a woman as just a
small thing. But one of our women is worth a hundred of their men.»
When power is linked to Love we have PAX. We hope that one day LOVE will rule the World and power will be a word of the past!
Selahattin Demirtaş, the co-leader of Peoples’ Democratic Party - Halkların Demokratik Partisi (HDP) of Turkey that defend:
O PSDB e o PSB poderão mudar o Brasil e libertá-lo das suas amarras que lhe limitam a realização do seu potencial?
