ANATÓLIA - ANATOLIA - ANATOLIA

Ἀνατολή, Anatolḗ «East», «Sunrise» ... after Greeks named the Anatolian peninsula as Ἀσία, Asia, «Sunrise» (Nymph of Lydia) that later was named Μικρὰ Ἀσία, Mikrá Asía, Asia Minor.

Troy, Lesbos - Mysia (3.000-700 b.C.)

«Cassandra» Evelyn De Morgan (1898), listen always her prophecy. Here a theatre in Troy


Poems of Sapho of Lesbos Island

Amazons -Themiscyra - Pontus (Legend)

«Amazonomachie, 2ème moitié du IV° s. ap. J.-C., Turquie, Daphné (faubourg d'Antioche sur l'Oronte, actuelle Antakya), fragment de mosaïque de pavement, marbre et calcaire.» by Clio20 (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en



Amazons statues in Amisus, now Samsun (Turkey), near Themiscyra and the mouth of the river Thermodon in Therme (now Terme)

«We have been working on this project for three years. An island and canal were made as part of the project. We also wanted to make a village. Currently we are making the tents and shelters. Once the village is completed, it will be used for both academic and touristic purposes. Visitors will have the opportunity to observe the time period when Amazons live» Samsun Mayor Yusuf Ziya Yılmaz - Anatolia news agency http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&link=212625

Hattia (2.500-2000 b.C.)
Assyria (1.950-1.750 b.C.)
Hittites (1.680-1.220 b.C.)
Arzawa (1.500-1.320 b.C.)
Mitanni (1.500-1.300 b.C.)

«The Hittite Empire» Sémhur/Ikonact (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

«Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East in 14th century (including Amarna period)» Alexikoua (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

«Map of the near east circa 1400 BCE» Javier Fernandez-Vina (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

Lycia (1.450-350 b.C.)
Eternal fire from Chimera Mountain
Assuwa (1.350-1.250 b.C.)
«Assuwa» Diplodoco (Wikipedia)
Phrygia (1.200-700 b.C.)

«Phrygians» Nouveau Larousse Illustre (1894)

Caria (1.150-574 b.C.)

«Map of ancient Caria showing cities» Emma Pease (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

«Theatre in Kaunos» by Hans Heinrich Hoffmann (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

Tyana - Tuwanuwa (1.000-700 b.C.)

«The Roman aqueduct of Tyana»

Ionia (1.000-545 b.C.)

«Greek Colonization of western Asia Minor during the Greek Dark Age (or Geometric Age) 11th-8th cent. BC» Alexikoua (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

Lydia (685-547 b.C.)

«Byzantine shops — at the archaeological site of Sardis» photo by AtilimGunesBadyn (Wikipedia)

Persian Empire (559-331 b.C.)

«Achaemenid Empire at its maximum extent» Fabienkhan/Mayhaymate (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/deed.en

Mecedon Empire (334-301 b.C.)

«Extent of the empire of Alexander the Great» SilvioRusso (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

Seleucid Empire (305-64 b.C.)

«Seleucid Empire in 200 b.C.»Thomas A. Lessman (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

Pontus (302-64 b.C.)

«Map of the Kingdom of Pontus» Javier Fernandez-Vina (Wikipedia)

Pergamon (282-129 b.C.)

«Temple of Trajan at Pergamon» photo by Carlos Delgado (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

Galatia (281-64 b.C.)

«Celtic Expansion» Alexikoua (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

Armenian Empire (190 b.C.-428 a.C.)

«The Empire of Tigran the Great, 95-66 BC» www.amernica.org (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

Roman Republic and Empire (133 b.C.-330 a.C.

«Amphitheatres of the Roman Empire in the mid-3rd century CE» Tataryn77 (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

«Façade of the Celsus library, in Ephesus» by Behn LIEU SONG (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.ro

Byzantine Empire (330-1.453 a.C)

«The Byzantine Empire in 650» Justinian43 (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

«L'imperatrice Teodora e la sua corte. Dai mosaici del coro di San Vitale a Ravenna. Eseguito entro l'anno 547»

Empire of Trebizond (1.204-1.261 a.C.)

«Map of the Trebizond Empire in Anatolia, AD 1300» Gabagool (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en

Empire of Nicaea (1.204-1.261 a.C.)

«The Latin Empire and the Partition of the Byzantine Empire after the 4th crusade, c. 1204» Latin Empire (Wikkipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

Ottoman Empire (1.299-1.922 a.C.)

«Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent, in 1683» AtilimGunesBaydin/Stevanb/Persia2099/Nedim Ardoğa/Bahramm 2/Hamelin de Guettelet/Lambiam/Spiridon Ion Cepleanu/DragonTiger23

«Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1683» André Koehne (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.ro

Turkey (after 1.922 a.C.)

Map oof Turkey - Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of United States of America «World Factbook»


Turkish tyrants decovered by Internet ban twiter


Persons are not respected by them representatives! More Democracy to Turkey and to the World!

VENEZUELA VI - VENETIOLA VI - VENEZUELA VI

«Lo q parecía casi imposible est mañana,lo logramos est tarde!Gracias al pueblo de Panamá pude hablar en la sesión del Consejo Permanente OEA» María Corina Machado (https://twitter.com/MariaCorinaYA)

The games around the Organization of American States (OAS) session with Venezuela, Nicaragua, Bolivia, Argentina and unhappily Brazil turned a private session and the Democratic Countries tried to protect the session as public to show to the World a voice for Democracy in Venezuela: Colombia, United States of America, Canada, Costa Rica, Chili, Panama ...


Laura Chinchilla, President of Costa Rica (Partido Liberación Nacional - PLN, member of Socialist International)

The position of Brazil by it representative was like that: «The objective of this meeting is not to turn itself into a circus for an outside audience as some representatives have shown they want to do» Incredible!!!

María Corina Machado said about Venezuela game in OAS to close session to media reflected «the totalitarian vocation of the Venezuelan regime.»

The tyrants like Diosdado Cabello responsable for crimes against Humanity that used brutal force against peaceful demonstrators tried to invert him position with a Democrat like María Corina Machado that with a great courage defend Venezuela from tyrants:
«She can go to the OAS court, she can go to the kingdom of heaven (...) But here in Venezuela, she is going to be tried as a murderer, a terrorist; she is going to be tried for crimes against humanity, for conspiracy, for destabilization of this country.» Diosdado Cabello, President of the Parliament of Venezuela (http://www.businessinsider.com/maria-corina-machado-wanted-in-venezuela-2014-3#ixzz2we8jYSvb) 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_r8tIm9n7k#t=33

REPÚBLICA DA MOLDÁVIA II - RES PUBLICA MOLDAVICA II - REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA II

Latin Moldova must join soon as possible, European Union!

«Romania is very much interested in supporting this government and any attack against Mr Leanca represents at the same time a favour done to Voronin and the communists [...] We must support the pro-European government, instead of attacking it because of our own personal reasons, (...)
Beyond this European aspect, Romania has a natural and fundamental obligation to support the Republic of Moldova, by any possible means. I believe that the concrete things Romania can do for Moldova, in addition to what the European Union already does, are to support the infrastructure in education and energy in this country [...] and help develop the democratic institutions, this is what I believe that Romania can do more for Moldova, in addition to what the European Union already does, and this is what we do every day in fact»
Victor Ponta, Prime Minister of Romania (2014-03-19)

http://www.victorponta.ro/content/vizita-premierului-rom%C3%A2n-victor-ponta-%C8%99i-premierului-moldovean-iurie-leanc%C4%83-la-bruxelles-%C3%AEnt



Moldovan government (http://www.gov.md/libview.php?l=en&idc=436&id=6421)



«Medpark, the first private hospital from the Republic of Moldova, becomes the first medical institution in the country, but also in Eastern Europe, that has obtained the international accreditation offered by JCI – Joint Commission International» http://en.medpark.md/news.aspx?id=20223


Former Moldovan Prime Minister, Vlad Filat arrives at NATO in 2009 (http://www.nato.int/cps/iw/SID-E5F0577F-455BF5C1/natolive/photos_57740.htm)

«The m-signature service was developed within a public-private partnership between the Moldovan government, e-government centre, Centre of Special Telecommunications and the mobile phone operators Orange and Moldcell. Moldovan Prime Minister Vlad Filat launched the electronic service on 14 September 2012.

The director executive of the e-government centre, Stela Mocan, took the "Best mGovernment" prize at the world congress of mobile phone operators, which takes place in Barcelona» (2013)

«A sign in Trans-Dniester reminds people: "We are not Moldova!"» Humphrey Hawksley BBC http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26662721

«I hope that we will have the support of the European Union to sign the association agreement as soon as possible (...) My country is asking the European Union to offer clear membership prospects.» Nicolae Timofti (President of Moldova)

PRIMAVERA II - VER II - SPRING II

Celebration of Springtime begining for North!


«Primavera» Painel de Azulejos da Fábrica de Cerâmica Viúva Lamego (I.A. 2003)

Chapim Azul - Portugal

Beija Flôr - Colombia (http://www.icesi.edu.co/wiki_aves_colombia/tiki-index.php?page=Colibr%C3%AD+Collajero)
http://www.colomviva.com/birdwatching


Shakira, Presidents of Colombia and Costa Rica

Beija flôr (Wyoming http://confidencialcolombia.com/images/cms-image-000014309.jpg)

Morning Glory Pool, Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming) in a photo by Jon Sullivan (Wikipedia)

Springtime in Portugal: cork and flowers

Springtime in Romania

«"Großer Tiergarten", a central park in Berlin-Mitte (Germany). Springtime with a flower-carpet of scilla» by Manfred Brückels (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

UCRÂNIA XI - UCRAINA XI - UKRAINE XI

«Mars will be at its closest approach to the Earth in almost two years and will be fully illuminated by the Sun.» (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/activityandadventure/9296953/Upcoming-astronomical-events.html?frame=2858342) Stocktrek Images, Inc./Alamy

«The majority of Russians (73%) believes that Russia should not interfere in the conflict between the government and the opposition in Ukraine , because it is an internal matter for the people of this country. This view are more likely to support the LDPR (82%) , budget (79%) , civil servants (77%) , students (77% ), residents of medium-sized cities ( 78%). Only 15% of respondents believe that the Russian authorities could support Ukrainian colleagues in suppressing illegal attempts to seize power . Such opinion is most prevalent among the followers of "Fair Russia " (30 %) and employees of the commercial sector ( 20%). (...) The initiative Russian opinion polls were conducted on 1-2 February 2014 interviewed 1,600 people in 130 villages in 42 regions of Russia. The statistical error does not exceed 3.4 %.» http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=459&uid=114720

«“As the legitimate elected representative, I say the events in Kiev have resulted in Ukraine being on the brink of civil war. The rights of people in Crimea are being threatened. Under the influence of Western countries, there are open acts of terror. I would call on the president of Russia, Mr Putin, to use the armed forces of the Russian Federation to establish peace and defend the people of Ukraine.”» Viktor Yanukovich (former President of Ukraine)

«“Am I a terrorist?” That’s the question a Ukrainian marine had for a Russian officer encouraging the Ukrainians to give up and yield their weapons.
A recording obtained by the Guardian captures a conversation between the officer, identified as Igor Turchinyuk (IT), a Russian general, and unidentified Ukrainians (UU):
IT “The goal of me coming here … is to carry out the task given by the president of the Russian Federation.”
UU “What is this? Is it an invasion? Is it a forced peace operation?”
IT “It was a request to Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin to offer help and bring troops in. (noting he has family roots in Ukraine) I want to talk as one officer to other officers.”
UU “Am I a terrorist? Are we causing a threat to the Black Sea fleet of Russia?”
IT “We have an order, which we are carrying out.”» http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/03/ukraine-crisis-russia-control-crimea-live?view=desktop#block-5314edfde4b0984a90a9e088


Samantha Power, United States of America Ambassador to the United Nations, had been very lucid in her intervention  during an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council:

«Listening to the representative of Russia, one might think that Moscow had just become the rapid response arm of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. So many of the assertions made this afternoon by the Russian Federation are without basis in reality.

Let’s begin with a clear and candid assessment of the facts.

It is a fact that Russian military forces have taken over Ukrainian border posts. It is a fact that Russia has taken over the ferry terminal in Kerch. It is a fact that Russian ships are moving in and around Sevastapol. It is a fact that Russian forces are blocking mobile telephone services in some areas. It is a fact that Russia has surrounded or taken over practically all Ukrainian military facilities in Crimea. It is a fact that today Russian jets entered Ukrainian airspace. It is also a fact that independent journalists continue to report that there is no evidence of violence against Russian or pro-Russian communities.

Russian military action is not a human rights protection mission. It is a violation of international law and a violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the independent nation of Ukraine, and a breach of Russia’s Helsinki Commitments and its UN obligations.

The central issue is whether the recent change of government in Ukraine constitutes a danger to Russia’s legitimate interests of such a nature and extent that Russia is justified in intervening militarily in Ukraine, seizing control of public facilities, and issuing military ultimatums to elements of the Ukrainian military. The answer, of course, is no. Russian military bases in Ukraine are secure. The new government in Kyiv has pledged to honor all of its existing international agreements, including those covering Russian bases. Russian mobilization is a response to an imaginary threat.

A second issue is whether the population of the Crimea or other parts of eastern Ukraine, are at risk because of the new government. There is no evidence of this. Military action cannot be justified on the basis of threats that haven’t been made and aren’t being carried out. There is no evidence, for example, that churches in Eastern Ukraine are being or will be attacked; the allegation is without basis. There is no evidence that ethnic Russians are in danger. On the contrary, the new Ukrainian government has placed a priority on internal reconciliation and political inclusivity. President Turchinov – the acting President – has made clear his opposition to any restriction on the use of the Russian tongue.

No one has to explain to Ukraine’s new government the need to have open communications, not only with leaders of the country’s Russian ethnic minority in the Crimea and elsewhere, but also with its neighbors. That is why, when the current crisis began, the government sent its former Chief of Defense to the region to try to defuse the situation. A second emissary was prevented from entering the Crimean Rada to engage in discussions. And it is why Ukrainian authorities have repeatedly reached out to Russia. Russia needs to reciprocate and begin to engage directly with the Government of Ukraine.

I note that Russia has implied a right to take military action in the Crimea if invited to do so by the prime minister of Crimea. As the Government of Russia well knows, this has no legal basis. The prohibition on the use of force would be rendered moot were sub-national authorities able to unilaterally invite military intervention by a neighboring state. Under the Ukrainian constitution, only the Ukrainian Rada can approve the presence of foreign troops.

If we are concerned about the rights of Russian-speaking minorities, the United States is prepared to work with Russia and this Council to protect them. We have proposed and wholeheartedly support the immediate deployment of international observers and monitors from the UN or OSCE to ensure that the people about whom Russia expresses such concern are protected from abuse and to elucidate for the world the facts on the ground. The solution to this crisis is not difficult to envision. There is a way out. And that is through direct and immediate dialogue by Russia with the Government of Ukraine, the immediate pull-back of Russia’s military forces, the restoration of Ukraine’s territorial integrity, and the urgent deployment of observers and human rights monitors, not through more threats and more distortions.

Tonight the OSCE will begin deploying monitors to Ukraine. These monitors can provide neutral and needed assessments of the situation on the ground. Their presence is urgently necessary in Crimea and in key cities in eastern Ukraine. The United States calls upon Russia to ensure that their access is not impeded.

The leadership in Moscow may well be unhappy about former President Yanukovych’s decision to flee Ukraine and move in with them. Russia may be displeased with the new government, which was approved by Ukraine’s parliament by an overwhelming majority, including members of Yanukovych’s own party. Russia has every right to wish that events in Ukraine had turned out differently, but it does not have the right to express that unhappiness by using military force or by trying to convince the world community that up is down and black is white. Russia’s calls to turn back time to implement the February 21 Agreement ring hollow. It was Yanukovych who failed to abide by the terms of that agreement, fleeing Kyiv, and ultimately Ukraine.

The United States categorically rejects the notion that the new Government of Ukraine is a “government of victors.” It is a government of the people and it is one that intends to shepherd the country toward democratic elections on May 25^th – elections that would allow Ukrainians who would prefer different leadership to have their views heard. And the United States will stand strongly and proudly with the people of Ukraine as they chart out their own destiny, their own government, their own future.

The bottom line is that, for all of the self-serving rhetoric we have heard from Russian officials in recent days, there is nothing that justifies Russian conduct. As I said in our last session, Russia’s actions speak much louder than its words. What is happening today is not a human rights protection mission and it is not a consensual intervention. What is happening today is a dangerous military intervention in Ukraine. It is an act of aggression. It must stop. This is a choice for Russia. Diplomacy can serve Russia’s interests. The world is speaking out against the use of military threats and the use of force. Ukrainians must be allowed to determine their own destiny.» Samantha Power

The Russian bear and Ukraine by the cartoonist Gary Varvel (http://www.gannett-cdn.com/-mm-/c3cd6477ebbd3e91c7a5e79cc1c0b39684c4a743/c=17-0-599-438&r=x404&c=534x401/local/-/media/Indianapolis/Indianapolis/2014/03/03//1393896430000-030414a.jpg)

Be very careful Russian bear with Ukrainians, Tatars and Russians in Crimea! The World know very well how the Russian will of power create victims in Ukraine. The past of USSR with horrible crimes against Humanity is very clear about what kind of power use against Russian Persons and Persons of other Nations ... 

We are in barbarian times but with a great potencial to create a Human Civilization based in Liberty and Responsability with a great respect to the other Persons! 

UCRÂNIA X - UCRAINA X - UKRAINE X

«Ruins of Chersonesos. Crimea, Ukraine» by Dmitry A. Mottl (Wikipedia) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

Putin wanted protect Russians in Ukraine? Ukrainians in Ukraine are now in a great insecurity because Russian forces.

«[Crimea had] always been part of Russia» Vladimir Putin. False! «Since ca. 700 BC, the peninsula has changed hands well over a dozen times, having been controlled by Cimmerians, Bulgars, Greeks, Scythians, Romans, Goths, Huns, Khazars, Kievan Rus' (early Ukraine), Byzantine Greeks, Venitians, Genoese, Kipchaks, Ottoman Turks, Golden Horde Tatars, Mongols, Russians, Germans and modern Ukrainians.» Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimea)

«(...)  shortly after Russian President Vladimir Putin and the leaders of Crimea signed a bill to absorb the peninsula into Russia (...) (...) armed men arrived in two unmarked vehicles, storming the base in Simferopol and firing automatic weapons. (...) "unknown forces, fully equipped and their faces covered".»
«Interim Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk told an emergency government meeting: "The conflict is shifting from a political to a military stage.
"Russian soldiers have started shooting at Ukrainian military servicemen and that is a war crime."»
«Ukraine has now authorised its troops to fire in self-defence.»
(http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26637296)

REFERENDO - REFERENDUM - REFERENDUM

«Crimea Referendum» by Areand Van Dam (http://www.cagle.com/2014/03/crimea-referendum-3/)

A non democratic Referendum forced and undercontrol of Russian leaders go on in Crimea, very well represented in this cartoon.

http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/03/16/crimea-referendum-ukraine-russia/6484251/

Be careful Russians of Crimea! The Russian leader Stalin supported Hitler to the beginning II world war ... the threat don´t come from Kiev, come from Moscow ...


Sevastopol - 255.7 thousand people, turnout was 83,5%;
The rest of the Crimea - 1.12 million people, turnout was 73.41 %
Source: Crimean News Agency (http://www.kianews.com.ua/news/yavka-na-referendume-v-krymu-dostigla-79)

«The head of Crimean referendum commission Mikhail Malyshev said that more than 95% of participants in the referendum voted to join the Crimea region to Russia for the treatment of more than 50% of ballots.» 
RIA Novosti http://ria.ru/world/20140317/999742710.html # ixzz2wAkQPCTL

A referendum without any international control with Ukranians and Tatars voting in the hug of the Russian bear?!


Based in the work of The Guardian: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/16/crimea-referendum-polls-open-live?view=desktop#block-53260bf9e4b0e42fe2827746

«We reject the 'referendum' that took place today in the Crimean region of Ukraine. This referendum is contrary to Ukraine's constitution, and the international community will not recognise the results of a poll administered under threats of violence and intimidation from a Russian military intervention that violates international law.»  Press secretary of President of United States of America, Jay Carney

«My Crimean friends who are there are afraid to go out and build their own Maidan. They're not voting. People with Russian passports are being allowed to vote. I'm ethnic Russian. But I feel my nationality is Ukrainian. We've stayed in Ukraine for 22 years. We want Putin to leave us alone. We don't want Crimea to be a part of Russia.» Antonina Danchuk
«We were protesting outside Simferopol theatre when two cars pulled up. Men with guns got out. They told me: 'If you want to stay alive clear off.' Of course I left. A similar thing happened two days ago at another demonstration next to the Shevchenko statue. A man – not local – came up and said: 'What are you doing? Where are your papers? (...) The whole referendum is taking place at the point of a Kalashnikov. It's improper, and organised by Moscow.» Larissa Danchuk
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/16/ukraine-russia-truce-crimea-referendum

REPRESENTAÇÃO POLÍTICA - POLITICAE REPRAESENTATIONIS - POLITICAL REPRESENTATION

The Political Representation in Representative Democracy is very complex but we need much more better ways to link represented Persons with representative Persons ...
In Portuguese Democracy despite formal participative potential (referendum, peticion, freedom of manifestation of public opinion, ...) in reality the system have a narrow bottleneck in Parliament, controled by the leadership of the political parties like exist in other Democratic countries, relegating the participation of the represented to the vote at the moment of the elections.
But the elections don´t create a real legitimation of the future priorities and decisions, because Persons can vote in different alternatives in different matters, in different reprentative Persons, oonly can vote in one political party that impose it list of candidates to representatives. So a lot of options don´t have democratic legitimacy and fluctuate at the whim of winds and tides of a minoritary political games, with dubious and subjective foundations adorned by arguments and speeches of «lawers», with subjective interventions of Constitutional Court requested for a lot of matters included for the legal game of prescriptions.
Which efficience and efficacity for leaders of political parties is biased, vicious and lagged of represented Persons. The vote are used for quite all, without a clear sense of the vote by the Person that voted in the only option that have (a political party, a electoral programme not respected in majority of cases, a list of Persons to representatives). More, in some cases the vote of a Person don´t matter for noothing only because don´t exist a National circle that sum all votes.
In these senses we propose in this blog some similar ideas of so many Persons and Democratic praxis in the world to approach representatives to represented Persons (vote in different lists of different parties, votes in parts of electoral programmes, referendum for crucial questions not included in programmes and for avaliate the performance of the majority, peticions with more political force, inquiries in Parliament not decided by majority and so on).
Now i present an example of so many, where we can see the fragility of Democratic legitimation and don´t matter my personal opinion about the concrete question:

«Sem prejuízo de achar que os casais homossexuais podem proporcionar o carinho, a segurança e a educação necessários a uma criança, não podemos esquecer que, para além dos afetos entre o casal e a criança, há também a sociedade. Não estamos a falar apenas de uma ligação bilateral, mas de um triângulo: pais, criança e sociedade. E pergunto-me se a sociedade portuguesa, neste momento, início do ano de 2014,  estaria apta para aceitar e não estigmatizar crianças nestas circunstâncias. Isso é que me levaria à abstenção, que seria o meu sentido de voto (...) É muito mais fácil ser dissidente e discordante, numa lógica individual. A discordância e a dissidência são muito aplaudidas pela imprensa, há uma sobrevalorização da dissidência. Mas quando fazemos parte de uma estrutura orgânica,  não nos podemos dissociar dela. Eu senti-me na obrigação de saber interpretar a 'orientação firme' de voto como disciplina de voto (...) Senti-me na obrigação de saber interpretar qual era o sentimento da estrutura orgânica do CDS, a que pertenço, e do nosso eleitorado. Estabelecendo uma hierarquia, e citando Sá Carneiro, primeiro o país, depois o partido e só no fim o indivíduo (...) não posso desrespeitar os sinais que entendo à minha volta, quer da orgânica a que pertenço, quer dos eleitores. Seria de uma enorme presunção se as convicções pessoais se sobrepusessem ao que entendo ser a percepção generalizada daqueles que me elegeram»

«Esta é uma matéria que não acredito que possa ser decidida [de outra forma] que não seja através do referendo. A seu tempo, depois das eleições europeias, voltaremos a falar sobre esta matéria, também no respeito pela autonomia do grupo parlamentar e dos deputados da JSD (...) não é claro para todos que estas normas visem proteger de forma absoluta superior interesse da criança que é aquele que para nós esteve sempre em causa» Hugo Soares (deputado pelo PSD).

«Houve deputados na minha bancada que votaram em sentido diverso daquela que foi a votação que tiveram na votação em generalidade. Os motivos por que alteraram a sua posição, terá de perguntar-lhes a eles, eu não sei quais foram (...) Surpreendeu-me e fiquei desiludida. Fiquei pelo menos desanimada. Isto porque como é do conhecimento de todos a eliminação desta restrição e a proteção das crianças em causa é na minha perspetiva urgente. Mas não é só na minha perspetiva: é na perspetiva da Unicef, do Instituto do Apoio à Criança, do Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos (...) [se] não tivesse havido alteração do sentido de voto dos deputados na votação na generalidade para esta votação, o diploma teria passado (...)

Lamento que o tempo tenha feito alguns colegas da minha bancada como da bancada do CDS alterar a sua posição, quando se consultarem os estudos científicos e ouvirem as pessoas que têm competência para avaliar a relevância deste diploma verão que o sentido do voto deverá ser favorável à lei da coadoção (...)

As matérias de direitos, liberdades e garantias não são passíveis de serem referendadas» Teresa Leal Coelho (deputada do PSD)

«Não posso pôr-me na cabeça de pessoas que tenham intuitos que não me parecem nada lógicos. Para nós, o processo é legislativo, sempre dissemos que não admitimos referendar direitos humanos, muito menos direitos minoritários. (...) Gostávamos muito que a efectivação da co-adopção tivesse sido hoje, mas pensamos que foi apenas adiada. Nunca desistiremos desta questão que tem um paradigma definido pelo Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos. Não temos dúvidas de que o dia que gostávamos que tivesse sido hoje será um outro dia. 

(...) uma derrota das crianças que já existem e que estranhamente o Estado não persegue mas ao mesmo tempo ignora (...). Hoje a Assembleia da República decidiu manter as crianças no limbo, mas naturalmente o PS não desistirá destas crianças (...).

Continuaremos esta luta e penso que hoje foi uma vitória adiada, mas não creio que por muito mais tempo seja suportável que Portugal no Conselho da Europa insista em ficar rodeado da Rússia, da Roménia e da Ucrânia» Isabel Moreira (deputada do PS).

Unhappy this reference to Romania, Ukraine and Russia. I don´t agree with the priority and with personal minoritary options lagged of the "sense" of Family, Women-Men-Children, respected as all personal options that respect the other personal options, but without social and political projection imposed to legal order and that leadership of the political parties introduce in them lists, persons only to defend the political niche of them personal and group interests and options lagged of Civil Society, that happily still a minoritary. For me societies passed from an extreme (persecution) to the other extreme (legal integration), because that minorities have capacity to influence political system that other minorities don´t have. With a strong hypocrisy political system accepte with taxes tobacco, drinks with high level of alcohol. Artificial colorants and flavours and to much sugar are legal in sweeties and drinks to children. But prostitutes still in a jungle without any protection by Society. Unhappily prostitution don´t disappear by legal ways, only disappear by Social Development of the Human Beings and until that time the Persons are only supported by Human Institutions like «Ninho» that help but don´t have capacity to solve the problem? And domestic violence and the protection of the Persons, in majority Women, about all kind of unrespect of them Sacred Liberty and Freedom? When Penal Code and justice permit freedom for persons that violate the Sacred Life, Liberty and Freedom of others don´t save the Sacred Rights of the Victims. And the protection of the rights of Persons against the abuse of power of Fiscal Authority? Portuguese Parliament about these complexe matters don´t «lost» it time. For this matter with manipulation of «children» interest lost as we can see ...

DÉSPOTA - TYRANT - DESPOT

From Greek δεσπότης despótēs ("master of the house"), "one with power",  despot

Despotism: a single entity rules with absolute power (individual = autocracy; group = oligarchy)

«Roubando a liberdade aos seus semelhantes, a si mesmo se rouba o déspota da sua tranquilidade»
«Furtum libertatem civium tyrannus sibi videntur furatur»
«Stealing the freedom of his fellows, to himself steals the despot of its tranquility»

 Ruy Barbosa (político brasileiro, 1849-1923) 

DÍVIDA PÚBLICA - PUBLICO DEBITUM - PUBLIC DEBT

We create these graphics and this table for show the manifestation of the public monster: the Public Debt of Portugal!

70 personalities give your contribute to European and National debate by a manifest, but don´t touch nothing in the deep roots of the problem: the State and the Political Society that don´t have at the moment any deep reform that orient them to Nation and to Creation of Value in the World!

É IMPRESSIONANTE QUE NÃO EXISTE UMA ÚNICA REFERÊNCIA À PROFUNDA REFORMA DO ESTADO E DA SOCIEDADE POLÍTICA QUE GERARAM A ELEVADÍSSIMA DÍVIDA PÙBLICA NO «Manifesto: Preparar a reestruturação da dívida para crescer sustentadamente» (http://www.publico.pt/economia/noticia/manifesto-preparar-a-reestruturacao-da-divida-para-crescer-sustentadamente-1627870):
«Nenhuma estratégia de combate à crise poderá ter êxito se não conciliar a resposta à questão da dívida com a efectivação de um robusto processo de crescimento económico e de emprego num quadro de coesão e efectiva solidariedade nacional. Todos estes aspectos têm de estar presentes e actuantes em estreita sinergia. A reestruturação da dívida é condição sine qua non para o alcance desses objectivos.
(...) A dívida pública tornar-se-á insustentável na ausência de crescimento duradouro significativo: seriam necessários saldos orçamentais primários verdadeiramente excepcionais, insusceptíveis de imposição prolongada.
A nossa competitividade tem uma base qualitativa demasiado frágil para enfrentar no futuro a intensificação da concorrência global. É preciso uma profunda viragem, rumo a especializações competitivas geradas pela qualidade, pela inovação, pela alta produtividade dos factores de produção envolvidos e pela sagaz capacidade de penetração comercial em cadeias internacionais ou nichos de mercado garantes de elevado valor acrescentado.
(...)
Portugal, por mais que cumpra as boas práticas de rigor orçamental de acordo com as normas constitucionais – e deve fazê-lo sem hesitação, sublinhe-se bem –, não conseguirá superar por si só a falta dos instrumentos que lhe estão interditos por força da perda de soberania monetária e cambial. Um país aderente ao euro não pode ganhar competitividade através da política cambial, não lhe é possível beneficiar directamente da inflação para reduzir o peso real da sua dívida, não pode recorrer à política monetária para contrariar a contracção induzida pelo ajustamento e não tem banco central próprio que possa agir como emprestador de último recurso. Mas se o euro, por um lado, cerceia a possibilidade de uma solução no âmbito nacional, por outro, convoca poderosamente a cooperação entre todos os Estados-membros aderentes. A razão é simples e incontornável: o eventual incumprimento por parte de um país do euro acarretaria, em última instância, custos difíceis de calcular, mas provavelmente elevados, incidindo sobre outros países e sobre o próprio euro.
(...) deverá estar na agenda europeia o início de negociações de um acordo de amortização da dívida pública excessiva, no âmbito do funcionamento das instituições europeias.
(...) A primeira condição é o abaixamento significativo da taxa média de juro do stock da dívida, de modo a aliviar a pesada punção dos recursos financeiros nacionais exercida pelos encargos com a dívida, bem como ultrapassar o risco de baixas taxas de crescimento, difíceis de evitar nos próximos anos face aos resultados diferidos das mudanças estruturais necessárias. O actual pano de fundo é elucidativo: os juros da dívida pública directa absorvem 4,5%. do PIB. Atente-se ainda no facto de quase metade da subida da dívida pública nos últimos anos ter sido devida ao efeito dos juros.
(...) A segunda condição é a extensão das maturidades da dívida para 40 ou mais anos. A nossa dívida tem picos violentos. De agora até 2017 o reembolso da dívida de médio e longo prazo atingirá cerca de 48 mil milhões de euros. Alongamentos da mesma ordem de grandeza relativa têm respeitáveis antecedentes históricos, um dos quais ocorreu em benefício da própria Alemanha. Pelo Acordo de Londres sobre a Dívida Externa Alemã, de 27 de Fevereiro de 1953, a dívida externa alemã anterior à II Guerra Mundial foi perdoada em 46% e a posterior à II Guerra em 51,2%. Do remanescente, 17% ficaram a juro zero e 38% a juro de 2,5% Os juros devidos desde 1934 foram igualmente perdoados. Foi também acordado um período de carência de cinco anos e limitadas as responsabilidades anuais futuras ao máximo de 5% das exportações no mesmo ano. O último pagamento só foi feito depois da reunificação alemã, cerca de cinco décadas depois do Acordo de Londres. O princípio expresso do Acordo era assegurar a prosperidade futura do povo alemão, em nome do interesse comum. Reputados historiadores económicos alemães são claros em considerar que este excepcional arranjo é a verdadeira origem do milagre económico da Alemanha. O Reino Unido, que alongou por décadas e décadas o pagamento de dívidas suas, oferece outro exemplo. Mesmo na zona euro, já se estudam prazos de 50 anos para a Grécia. Portugal não espera os perdões de dívida e a extraordinária cornucópia de benesses então concedida à Alemanha, mas os actuais líderes europeus devem ter presente a razão de ser desse Acordo: o interesse comum. No actual contexto, Portugal pode e deve, por interesse próprio, responsabilizar-se pela sua dívida, nos termos propostos, visando sempre assegurar o crescimento económico e a defesa do bem-estar vital da sua população, em condições que são também do interesse comum a todos os membros do euro.
(...)
Há que estabelecer qual a parte da dívida abrangida pelo processo especial de reestruturação no âmbito institucional europeu. O critério de Maastricht fixa o limite da dívida em 60% do PIB. É diversa a composição e volume das dívidas nacionais. Como é natural, as soluções a acordar devem reflectir essa diversidade. A reestruturação deve ter na base a dívida ao sector oficial, se necessário complementada por outras responsabilidades de tal modo que a reestruturação incida, em regra, sobre dívida acima de 60% do PIB. Nestes termos, mesmo a própria Alemanha poderia beneficiar deste novo mecanismo institucional, tal como vários outros países da Europa do Norte.
(...)
Cada país integraria em conta exclusivamente sua a dívida a transferir e pagaria as suas responsabilidades, por exemplo, mediante a transferência de anuidades de montantes e condições pré-determinadas adequadas à capacidade de pagamento do devedor. As condições do acordo a estabelecer garantiriam a sua estabilidade, tendo em conta as responsabilidades assumidas por cada Estado-membro. Deste modo, a uma sã e rigorosa gestão orçamental no respeito das normas constitucionais acresceria o contributo da cooperação europeia assim orientada. As condições relativas a taxas de juro, prazos e montantes abrangidos devem ser moduladas conjugadamente, a fim de obter a redução significativa do impacto dos encargos com a dívida no défice da balança de rendimentos do país e a sustentabilidade da dívida pública, bem como a criação de condições decisivas favoráveis à resolução dos constrangimentos impostos pelo endividamento do sector empresarial público e privado e pelo pesado endividamento externo.
(...) Estes são os termos em que os signatários apelam ao debate e à preparação, em prazo útil, das melhores soluções para a reestruturação da dívida.» Entre os signatários estão Adriano Moreira , António Bagão Félix, António Carlos Santos, António Saraiva, Carlos César, Diogo Freitas do Amaral, Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues, Emanuel Santos, Fernando Rosas, Francisco Louçã, Henrique Neto, João Cravinho, João Galamba, Joaquim  Gomes Canotilho, José Reis,
José Silva Lopes, José Vera Jardim, Manuel Carvalho da Silva, Manuela Arcanjo, Manuela Ferreira Leite, Manuela Morgado, Manuela Silva, Ricardo Bayão Horta, Viriato Soromenho-Marques, Vítor Ramalho

SÃO IMPRESSIONANTES AS CRÍTICAS QUE FIZERAM A ESTES CIDADÃOS, MUITOS DELES COM MUITO VALOR E QUE MERECEM A NOSSA CONSIDERAÇÃO, APESAR DA NOSSA DISCORDÂNCIA EM RELAÇÃO A MUITAS DIMENSÕES DO MANIFESTO.

É IMPRESSIONANTE A CONSTANTE PREOCUPAÇÃO QUE ANÍBAL CAVACO SILVA TEM COM OS FUNCIONÁRIOS E PENSIONISTAS PÚBLICOS, SENDO ELE UM DOS GRANDES RESPONSÁVEIS PELOS AUMENTOS DE DESPESAS PÚBLICAS ESTRUTURAIS E DA DÍVIDA PÚBLICA, COM A SUA VISÃO ESTATISTA, EM FORTE CONTRASTE COM OS EMPREGADOS E PENSIONISTAS PRIVADOS:
«Numa altura em que se exigem pesados sacrifícios aos trabalhadores do Estado e pensionistas, com reduções nos salários e nas pensões, tem de ser demonstrada a adequação estrita deste aumento ao objetivo de autossustentabilidade dos respetivos sistemas de saúde» Veto do Presidente da República à legislação do Governo que prevê o aumento das contribuições para os sistemas de saúde de funcionários públicos

É IMPRESSIONANTE O FACILITISMO QUE EXISTE PERANTE ESCÂNDALOS COM BANCOS, AQUISIÇÕES PÚBLICAS DE SUBMARINOS, PARCERIAS PÚBLICO PRIVADAS, REGIÃO AUTÓNOMA DA MADEIRA, ... QUE PROVOCARAM FORTE AUMENTO DA DÍVIDA PÚBLICA

«Depois de Jardim Gonçalves e João Rendeiro, o fundador do BPN e outros arguidos no caso do Banco Insular também pediram a prescrição parcial das contraordenações, aplicadas pelo Banco de Portugal e que estão em julgamento.» Expresso 20140316: http://expresso.sapo.pt/oliveira-costa-pede-prescricao-no-caso-bpn=f860917#ixzz2w2nA5Dqr